ASTM A27/A27M - Metal Standart

Commonplace Specification for

Metal Castings, Carbon, for Common Software¹

This customary is issued beneath the fastened designation A27/A27M; the quantity instantly following the designation signifies the 12 months of unique adoption or, within the case of revision, the 12 months of final revision. A quantity in parentheses signifies the 12 months of final reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) signifies an editorial change since the final revision or reapproval.

This customary has been authorized to be used by companies of the Division of Protection.

1. Scope*

1.1 This specification covers carbon metal castings for gen- eral functions that require as much as 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimal tensile energy.

norte_OTE 1—The grades coated by this specification signify supplies which are appropriate for meeting with different metal castings or wrought metal components by fusion welding. It’s not meant to indicate that each one these grades possess the identical diploma of weldability or that the identical welding methods can be utilized on all castings. It’s the duty of the purchaser to ascertain for himself an acceptable welding method.

1.2 A number of grades and two lessons of metal castings are coated, as indicated beneath. The grade and sophistication desired shall be specified by the purchaser.

1.2.1 Grade N-1—Chemical evaluation solely.

1.2.2 Grade N-2—Warmth-treated however not mechanically examined.

1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 [415-205]—Mechanically examined however not heat-treated.

1.2.4 Grades 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36

[485-250], and 70-40 [485-275]—Warmth-treated and mechani- cally examined.

1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 metal castings shall be laid out in accordance with 9.2.

1.3 The values acknowledged in both SI items or inch-pound items are to be regarded individually as customary. The values acknowledged in every system might not be actual equivalents; due to this fact, every system shall be used independently of the opposite. Combining values from the 2 methods might lead to non-conformance with the customary.

1.4 This customary doesn’t purport to handle all the security considerations, if any, related to its use. It’s the duty of the consumer of this customary to ascertain appro- priate security and well being practices and decide the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.

¹ This specification is beneath the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Metal, Stainless Metal and Associated Alloysand is the direct duty of Subcommittee A01.18 on Castings.

Present version authorized Oct. 1, 2010. Revealed November 2010. Initially authorized in 1901. Final earlier version authorized in 2008 as A27/A27M – 08. DOI: 10.1520/A0027_A0027M-10.

2. Referenced Paperwork

2.1 ASTM Requirements:²

A370 Check Strategies and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Metal Merchandise

A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Funding, Automotive- bon and Low Alloy Metal for Common Software, and Cobalt Alloy for Excessive Power at Elevated Temperatures A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Metal and Alloy,

Frequent Necessities, for Common Industrial Use A957/A957M Specification for Funding Castings, Metal

and Alloy, Frequent Necessities, for Common Industrial Use

3. Common Circumstances for Supply

3.1 Apart from metal funding castings, materials furnished to this specification shall conform to the necessities of Specification A781/A781M, together with any supplementary re- quirements which are indicated within the buy order. Failure to adjust to the overall necessities of Specification A781/ A781M constitutes nonconformance with the specification. In case of a battle between the necessities of this specification and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre- vail.

3.2 Metal funding castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the necessities of Specification A957/ A957M, together with any supplementary necessities which are indicated within the buy order. Failure to adjust to the widespread necessities of Specification A957/A957M consti- tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con- flict between the necessities of this specification and Speci- fication A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.

4. Ordering Data

4.1 Orders for materials beneath this specification ought to embrace the following info in correct sequence.

4.1.1 Amount,

² For referenced ASTM requirements, go to the ASTM web site, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Buyer Service at [email protected] For Annual E-book of ASTM Requirements quantity info, refer to the customary’s Doc Abstract web page on the ASTM web site.

*A Abstract of Adjustments part seems on the finish of this customary

4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and sophistication (9.2),

TABLE 2 Tensile Necessities

4.1.3

Description of the casting by sample quantity or drawing,

4.1.4 Choices within the specification, and

4.1.5 Supplementary necessities desired, together with stan- dards of acceptance.

5. Warmth Therapy

	Calificación^A Power,	Tensile min, ksi	Yield Level 2 in.	Elongation in Space,
	min, ksi (MPa)	(MPa)	(50 mm), min, %^B	min, %
Grade U-60-30	60 (415)	30 (205)	22	30
(415-205)
Grade 60-30	60 (415)	30 (205)	24	35
(415-205)
Grade 65-35	65 (450)	35 (240)	24	35
(450-240)
Grade 70-36	70 (485)	36 (250)	22	30
(485-250)
Grade 70-40 (485-275)^C	70 (485)	40 (275)	22	30

5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 [415-205], 65-35

[450-240], 70-36 [485-250], and 70-40 [485-275] shall be

heat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering. Until in any other case

Discount of

specified within the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings could also be heat-treated by anyone or mixture of those heat- remedies on the possibility of the producer.

5.1.1 Warmth-treatment shall be carried out after castings have been allowed to chill from the pouring temperature to beneath the transformation vary.

5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulated by way of pyrometers.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The metal shall conform to the necessities as to chemical composition prescribed in Desk 1. Product evaluation tolerances shall conform to the Product Evaluation Tolerances proven in Specification A781/A781M. When residual factor chemical content material is of curiosity to the purchaser, S54 might be thought-about.

7. Tensile Properties

7.1 Besides for Grades N-1 and N-2, one pressure check shall be carried out on every warmth and the mechanical properties thus decided shall conform to the necessities specified in Desk 2. The pressure check shall be carried out in accordance with Check Strategies and Definitions A370.

7.2 Check bars shall be poured in particular blocks comparable to these proven in Fig. 1 of Specification A781/A781M and from the identical warmth as the casting represented.

7.3 Check coupons could also be minimize from the heat-treated (if required) castings or forged integrally with the castings at the producer’s possibility.

7.4 The check bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat- handled in manufacturing furnaces to the identical process as the

^A Specify Class 1 or Class 2 along with grade designation (see 9.2).

^B When ICI check bars are utilized in tensile testing as supplied for on this specification, the gage size to lowered part diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.

^C Grade 70-40 [485-275] might be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36 [485-250], when agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.

castings they signify. When specified by the purchaser, the check bars shall be heat-treated with the castings.

7.5 Check specimens shall be machined to the shape and dimensions proven in Fig. 4 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370, with the ends machined to suit the grips on the tensile testing machine for use. Prompt sorts of ends for customary spherical pressure check specimens are proven in Fig. 5 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370.

7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are revealed by machining or throughout testing, the specimen could also be discarded and one other substituted from the identical warmth.

7.7 When this specification is utilized to funding cast- ings, check coupons and pressure check specimens shall be obtained and ready as directed in S3.2 of Specification A732/ A732M. Check coupons shall be warmth handled as prescribed in 7.4.

8. Retests

8.1 If the outcomes of the mechanical assessments for any warmth, lot, or casting don’t conform to the necessities specified, retests are permitted as outlined in Check Strategies and Definitions A370. On the producer’s possibility, castings could also be reheat- handled and retested. When castings are reheat-treated, they might not be reaustenitized greater than 3 instances with out the approval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat remedy shall include the total variety of specimens taken from areas complying with the specification or order.

TABLE 1 ASTM A27/27M Chemical Necessities

Grade (UNS No.)^A Composition, %

	Carbon,^B máximo	Manganese,^B máximo	Silicon, max	Sulfur, max	Phosphorus, max
Grade N-1 (J02500)	0.25	0.75	0.80	0.035	0.035
Grade N-2 (J03500)	0.35	0.60	0.80	0.035	0.035
Grade U-60-30 [415-205] (J02500)	0.25	0.75	0.80	0.035	0.035
Grade 60-30 [415-205] (J03000)	0.30	0.60	0.80	0.035	0.035
Grade 65-35 [450-240] (J03001)	0.30	0.70	0.80	0.035	0.035
Grade 70-36 [485-250] (J03501)	0.35	0.70	0.80	0.035	0.035
Grade 70-40 [485-275] (J02501)	0.25	1.20	0.80	0.035	0.035

^A Specify Class 1 or Class 2 along with grade designation (see 9.2).

^B For every discount of 0.01 % carbon beneath the most specified, an enhance of 0.04 % manganese above the most specified will be permitted to a most of 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 [485-275] and 1.00 % for the opposite grades.

9. Rework and Retreatment

9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the identical high quality stan- dards as have been used to examine the casting.

9.2 If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 should be specified together with the grade, and the welds to be heat-treated

should be outlined. If postweld heat-treatment will not be required, Class 2 should be specified together with the grade.

10. Key phrases

10.1 castings; basic utility; metal

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

A checklist of standardized supplementary necessities for use at the possibility of the purchaser is described in Specification A781/A781M. These that are thought-about appropriate to be used with this specification are listed beneath by title solely. Extra supplementary necessities appropriate to be used with this specification on the possibility of the purchaser are described beneath. A number of of the supplementary necessities indicated beneath might be included in the purchaser’s order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the identical pressure as if it have been within the physique of the specification. Supplementary necessities particulars not absolutely described shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the provider, however shall not negate any of the necessities in the physique of the specification.

S1. Magnetic Particle Examination S2. Radiographic Examination

S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination S4. Ultrasonic Examination

S6. Certification S8. Marking

S9. Charpy Affect Check

S10. Hardness Check

S51.1.1 The time period “business castings” doesn’t cowl castings requiring particular fixtures for gaging, or ending castings by grinding to particular tolerance gages past the traditional necessities as listed in Desk S51.1.

S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Produced from Mounted Patterns

S52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers eliminated in such a method that no riser or gate stub initiatives or a melancholy is made past or beneath the casting design contour in an quantity that may exceed the values given in Desk S52.1.

TABLE S52.1 Gate and Riser Projection Tolerances

S12. Check Report

Riser or Gate Most Di- mension, in. (mm)

Most Projection, in. (mm)

Most Despair, in. (mm)

S13. Unspecified Components

S14. Rigidity Check from Castings

S51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances for Castings Produced from Mounted Patterns

S51.1 Tolerances for business metal castings (S51.1.1) created from mounted patterns and the surfaces that aren’t to be machined shall be in accordance with Desk S51.1. Metallic match plate patterns and exact molding strategies can produce nearer tolerances than the values proven in Desk S51.1. Complicated casting designs might require completely different permissible variations than these listed in Desk S51.1.

As much as 4 (100), incl 1⁄₈ (3) 1⁄₈ (3)

Over 4 to eight (100 to 200), incl 1⁄₄ (6) 1⁄₈ (3)

Over 8 to twenty (200 to 500), incl 3⁄₈ (10) 1⁄₈ (3)

Over 20 to 30 (500 to 750), incl 1⁄₂ (13) 1⁄₄ (6)

Over 30 (750) 3⁄₄ (19) 1⁄₄ (6)

S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Produced from Mounted Patterns

S53.1 The allowable deviations from the common casting weight are proven in Desk S53.1.

TABLE S53.1 Allowable Deviation^A from Common Casting Weight

TABLE S51.1 Usually Anticipated Deviation of Linear Casting

Casting Weight, lb (kg) Constructive Deviation, %

Damaging Deviation, %

Dimensions from Design Dimensions

Blueprint Dimension, in. (mm) Tolerances, in. (mm)

Over 3 to 7 (75 to 175), incl	+5⁄₃₂ (4)	−4⁄₃₂ (3)
Over 7 to twenty (175 to 500), incl	+6⁄₃₂ (5)	−5⁄₃₂ (4)
Over 20 to 100 (500 to 2500), incl	+8⁄₃₂ (6)	−6⁄₃₂ (5)

As much as 3 (75), incl +4⁄₃₂ (3) −3⁄₃₂ (2)

As much as 100 (45), incl 8.0 8.0

Over 100 to 500 (45 to 230), incl 6.5 5.0

Over 500 to 10 000 (230 to 4540), incl 5.0 3.0

Over 10 000 (4540) 3.0 2.5

^A Deviations don’t apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.

S54. Chemical Evaluation for Residual Components

S54.1 The producer shall decide the share of components specified as follows, utilizing procedures laid out in Specification A781/A781M. The chemical evaluation thus deter- mined shall conform to the next necessities:

Copper, max, % 0.50

Nickel, max, % 0.50

Molybdenum, max, % 0.25

Chromium, max, % 0.50

S54.2 Whole content material of those residual components, most p.c 1.00.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has recognized the situation of chosen adjustments to this customary for the reason that final difficulty (A27/A27M– 08) which will influence the usage of this customary. (Authorized Oct. 1, 2010.)

(1) Modified sulfur and phosphorus contents in Desk 1.

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ASTM A27/A27M – Metal Standart