ASTM A27/A27M – Metal Standart

Designation: ASTM A27/A27M − 10

1.     Scope*

  • This specification covers carbon metal castings for gen- eral functions that require as much as 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimal tensile

NOTE 1—The grades lined by this specification characterize supplies which are appropriate for meeting with different metal castings or wrought metal elements by fusion welding. It isn’t supposed to indicate that every one these grades possess the identical diploma of weldability or that the identical welding methods can be utilized on all castings. It’s the duty of the purchaser to determine for himself an appropriate welding approach.

  • A number of grades and two lessons of metal castings are lined, as indicated The grade and sophistication desired shall be specified by the purchaser.
    • Grade N-1—Chemical evaluation
    • Grade N-2—Warmth-treated however not mechanically
    • Grade U-60-30 [415-205]Mechanically examined however not heat-treated.

1.2.4 Grades 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36

[485-250], and 70-40 [485-275]—Warmth-treated and mechani- cally examined.

1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 metal castings shall be laid out in accordance with 9.2.

  • The values said in both SI models or inch-pound models are to be regarded individually as normal. The values said in every system is probably not precise equivalents; subsequently, every system shall be used independently of the opposite. Combining values from the 2 methods might lead to non-conformance with the
  • This normal doesn’t purport to handle the entire security considerations, if any, related to its use. It’s the duty of the consumer of this normal to determine appro- priate security and well being practices and decide the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to make use of.

2.     Referenced Paperwork

A370 Check Strategies and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Metal Merchandise

A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Funding, Automobile- bon and Low Alloy Metal for Basic Utility, and Cobalt Alloy for Excessive Energy at Elevated Temperatures A781/A781M Specification  for  Castings,  Metal  and Alloy,

Widespread Necessities, for Basic Industrial Use A957/A957M Specification  for  Funding  Castings, Metal

and Alloy, Widespread Necessities, for Basic Industrial Use

3.     Basic Situations for Supply

  • Aside from metal funding castings, materials furnished to this specification shall conform to the necessities of Specification A781/A781M, together with any supplementary re- quirements which are indicated within the buy order. Failure to adjust to the final necessities of Specification A781/ A781M constitutes nonconformance with the specification. In case of a battle between the necessities of this specification and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-
  • Metal funding castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the necessities of Specification A957/ A957M, together with any supplementary necessities which are indicated within the buy order. Failure to adjust to the frequent necessities of Specification A957/A957M consti- tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con- flict between the necessities of this specification and Speci- fication A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall

4.     Ordering Data

  • Orders for materials beneath this specification ought to embody the next data in correct
  • Amount
  • Specification, grade (1.2), and sophistication (9.2)
  • Description of the casting by sample quantity or drawing
  • Choices within the specification, and
  • Supplementary necessities desired, together with stan- dards of acceptance

 

TABLE 2 Tensile Necessities

 Tensile Energy min

Yield Level, min,

 

Elongation in 2 in.

 

Discount of Space,

 

ksi (MPa)

ksi (MPa)

(50 mm), min, %B

min, %

Grade U-60-30 (415-205)

60 (415) 30 (205) 22 30
Grade 60-30 (415-205)

60 (415)

30 (205)

24

35

Grade 65-35 (450-240)

65 (450)

35 (240)

24

35

Grade 70-36 (485-250) 70 (485) 36 (250) 22

30

Grade 70-40 (485-275)C

70 (485)

40 (275)

22

30

5.     Warmth Remedy

5.1  All  castings  of  Grades  N-2,  60-30  [415-205],  65-35 [450-240],  70-36  [485-250],  and  70-40  [485-275]  shall  be heat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering,  or  quenching  and  tempering.  Except  in any other case specified within the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings could also be heat-treated by anyone or mixture of those heat- remedies on the possibility of the producer

5.1.1 Warmth-treatment shall be carried out after castings have been allowed to chill from the pouring temperature to under the transformation vary.

5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulated by means of pyrometers.

 

6.     Chemical Composition

  • The metal shall conform to the necessities as to chemical composition prescribed in Desk 1. Product evaluation tolerances shall conform to the Product Evaluation Tolerances proven in Specification A781/A781M. When residual aspect chemical content material is of curiosity to the purchaser, S54 could also be

 

7.     Tensile Properties

  • Aside from Grades N-1 and N-2, one rigidity check shall be carried out on every warmth and the mechanical properties thus decided shall conform to the necessities laid out in Desk 2. The stress check shall be carried out in accordance with Check Strategies and Definitions A370.
  • Check bars shall be poured in particular blocks much like these proven in Fig. 1 of Specification A781/A781M and from the identical warmth because the casting
  • Check coupons could also be lower from the heat-treated (if required) castings or solid integrally with the castings on the producer’s
  • The check bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat- handled in manufacturing furnaces to the identical process because the castings they characterize. When specified by the purchaser, the check bars shall be heat-treated with the castings.
  • Check specimens shall be machined to the shape and dimensions proven in Fig. 4 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370, with the ends machined to suit the grips on the tensile testing machine for use. Advised sorts of ends for traditional spherical rigidity check specimens are proven in Fig. 5 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370
  • Check specimens shall be machined to the shape and dimensions proven in Fig. 4 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370, with the ends machined to suit the grips on the tensile testing machine for use. Advised sorts of ends for traditional spherical rigidity check specimens are proven in Fig. 5 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370
  • Check specimens shall be machined to the shape and dimensions proven in Fig. 4 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370, with the ends machined to suit the grips on the tensile testing machine for use. Advised sorts of ends for traditional spherical rigidity check specimens are proven in Fig. 5 of Check Strategies and Definitions A370
  • 2.     Retests

  • If the outcomes of the mechanical exams for any warmth, lot, or casting don’t conform to the necessities specified, retests are permitted as outlined in Check Strategies and Definitions A370. On the producer’s possibility, castings could also be reheat- handled and retested. When castings are reheat-treated, they is probably not reaustenitized greater than 3 instances with out the approval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat remedy shall include the total variety of specimens taken from areas complying with the specification or order.

TABLE 1 Chemical Necessities

Carbon,B 最大 Manganese,B 最大 Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, max
Grade N-1 (J02500) 0,25 0,75 0,80 0,035 0,035
Grade N-2 (J03500) 0,35 0,60 0,80 0,035 0,035
Grade U-60-30 [415-205] (J02500) 0,25 0,75 0,80 0,035 0,035
Grade 60-30 [415-205] (J03000) 0,30 0,60 0,80 0,035 0,035
Grade 65-35 [450-240] (J03001) 0,30 0,70 0,80 0,035 0,035
Grade 70-36 [485-250] (J03501) 0,35 0,70 0,80 0,035 0,035
Grade 70-40 [485-275] (J02501) 0,25 1,20 0,80 0,035 0,035

A Specify Class 1 or Class 2 along with grade designation (see 9.2).

B For every discount of 0.01 % carbon under the utmost specified, a rise of 0.04 % manganese above the utmost specified will likely be permitted to a most of 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 [485-275] and 1.00 % for the opposite grades.

 

1.     Rework and Retreatment

  • All welds shall be inspected to the identical high quality stan- dards as had been used to examine the
  • If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 should be specified together with the grade, and the welds to be heat-treated should be outlined. If postweld heat-treatment will not be required, Class 2 should be specified together with the grade

    1.         Key phrases

    • castings; basic utility; metal

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

 

An inventory of standardized supplementary necessities to be used on the possibility of the purchaser is described in Specification A781/A781M. These that are thought-about appropriate to be used with this specification are listed under by title solely. Further supplementary necessities appropriate to be used with this specification on the possibility of the purchaser are described under. A number of of the supplementary necessities indicated under could also be included within the purchaser’s order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the identical drive as if it had been within the physique of the specification. Supplementary necessities particulars not absolutely described shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the provider, however shall not negate any of the necessities within the physique of the specification.

 

S1. Magnetic Particle Examination S2. Radiographic Examination

S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination S4. Ultrasonic Examination

S6. Certification S8. Marking

S9. Charpy Affect Check

S10. Hardness Check

S12. Check Report

S13. Unspecified Parts

S14. Rigidity Check from Castings

S51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances for Castings Produced from Mounted Patterns

S51.1 Tolerances for industrial metal castings (S51.1.1) constructed from mounted patterns and the surfaces that aren’t to be machined shall be in accordance with Desk S51.1. Metallic match plate patterns and exact molding strategies can produce nearer tolerances than the values proven in Desk S51.1. Complicated casting designs might require completely different permissible variations than these listed in Desk S51.1

TABLE S51.1 Usually Anticipated Deviation of Linear Casting

Dimensions from Design Dimensions

 

Blueprint Dimension, in. (mm)                                      Tolerances, in. (mm)

As much as 3 (75), incl
Over 3 to 7 (75 to 175), incl
+4⁄32 (3)

+5⁄32 (4)

    −3⁄32 (2)

−4⁄32 (3)

Over 7 to twenty (175 to 500), incl +6⁄32 (5) −5⁄32 (4)
Over 20 to 100 (500 to 2500), incl +8⁄32 (6) −6⁄32 (5)

 

 

S51.1.1 The time period “industrial castings” doesn’t cowl
castings requiring particular fixtures for gaging, or ending
castings by grinding to particular tolerance gages past the
regular necessities as listed in Desk S51.1.
S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Produced from
Mounted Patterns
S52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers eliminated in such
a fashion that no riser or gate stub initiatives or a melancholy is
made past or under the casting design contour in an quantity
that may exceed the values given in Desk S52.1.,

TABLE S52.1 Gate and Riser Projection Tolerances

Riser or Gate Most Dimension, in. (mm)      Most Projection, in. (mm)                Most Melancholy, in. (mm)

As much as 4 (100), incl                                                                                   1⁄8 (3)                                     1⁄8 (3)
Over 4 to eight (100 to 200), incl                                                                  1⁄4 (6)                                     1⁄8 (3)
Over 8 to twenty (200 to 500), incl                                                               3⁄8 (10)                                     1⁄8 (3)
Over 20 to 30 (500 to 750), incl                                                             1⁄2 (13)                                      1⁄4 (6)
Over 30 (750)                                                                                        3⁄4 (19)                                       1⁄4 (6)

 

S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Produced from Mounted Patterns

S53.1 The allowable deviations from the common casting weight are proven in Desk S53.1

TABLE S53.1 Allowable DeviationA from Common Casting Weight

Casting Weight, lb (kg)                                                            Constructive Deviation, %                                     Destructive Deviation, %

As much as 100 (45), incl                                                                                 8.0                                                           8.0
Over 100 to 500 (45 to 230), incl                                                            6.5                                                           5.0
Over 500 to 10 000 (230 to 4540), incl                                                   5.0                                                           3.0
Over 10 000 (4540)                                                                                 3.0                                                           2.5

A Deviations don’t apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.

 

S54. Chemical Evaluation for Residual Parts
S54.1 The producer shall decide the share of
parts specified as follows, utilizing procedures laid out in
Specification A781/A781M. The chemical evaluation thus decided shall conform to the next necessities:

Copper, max, % 0.50
Nickel, max, % 0.50
Molybdenum, max, % 0.25
Chromium, max, % 0.50
S54.2 Whole content material of those residual parts, most p.c 1.00.

 

 

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